Inline Functions, Maths Functions and Structs

The cmath library in C++ provides essential mathematical functions, including those for trigonometric calculations like sine and cosine, as well as power and square root operations. Here's a detailed overview of these functions:

Sine and Cosine Functions

Sine Function (sin)

Purpose: Computes the sine of an angle given in radians.

Syntax:

double sin(double angle);

Range: The result is in the range [−1,1]

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

int main() {

    double angle = M_PI / 3; // 60 degrees in radians

    std::cout << "Sine of 60 degrees: " << sin(angle) << std::endl; // Output: 0.866025

    return 0;

}

Cosine Function (cos)

Purpose: Computes the cosine of an angle given in radians.

Syntax:

double cos(double angle);

Range: The result is also in the range  [−1,1]

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

int main() {

    double angle = M_PI / 3; // 60 degrees in radians

    std::cout << "Cosine of 60 degrees: " << cos(angle) << std::endl; // Output: 0.5

    return 0;

}

Power and Square Root Functions

Power Function (pow)

Purpose: Raises a number to the power of another number.

Syntax:

double pow(double base, double exponent);

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

int main() {

    double base = 2.0;

    double exponent = 3.0;

    std::cout << "2 raised to the power of 3: " << pow(base, exponent) << std::endl; // Output: 8

    return 0;

}

Square Root Function (sqrt)

Purpose: Computes the square root of a number.

Syntax:

double sqrt(double value);

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

int main() {

    double value = 16.0;

    std::cout << "Square root of 16: " << sqrt(value) << std::endl; // Output: 4

    return 0;

}